阳光创译 | 法律论文翻译中的常见问题和如何克服

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法律论文涉及经济法、民法、国际法、法学理论、司法制度、国家法、宪法、刑法、行政法、等多方面的内容，是法律科学研究工作的记录和总结。

法律作为一种对言语和行为的规范，而且是由政府或者其他权利机构制定所认可的一种规范。法律语言是指普通国家在立法、司法和执法所使用的一种文体，法律语言是广阔复杂、严谨的。法律翻译作为翻译行业中的高端服务，它主要服务律师，外资企业，进出口公司等社会上层群体，质量要求和技术难度都相当高。作为法律语言学主要研究内容之一，法律翻译具有其独特的语言特点，其中最重要的一个特征就是它的精确性。迄今为止，几乎所有的从事法律语言研究的学者都认为，精确性是法律翻译的灵魂，也是法律的基本格调。本文从法律翻译角度来谈关于法律论文的翻译。

　　本文主要分为二个部分，第一部分是分析法律论文翻译中存在的常见问题，第二部分则是分析法律论文中句子的特点及其怎样实现翻译的精确性。

　　一、漏译和增译：

　　由于法律翻译大都使用长句,结构复杂,给译者带来不少困难,因而常见的问题就是漏译或增译部分成分，针对法律论文中的句子特点，查阅相关的资料就显得尤为重要。

　　二、法律术语翻译不当：

　　法律翻译中存在大量的专业术语,其译法是不能单凭译者的个人喜好自由决定的,必须采用固定的表达法.随意的译法并不符合法律翻译的语体特点,并有可能造成误解,导致与客户之间的纠纷。如“不可抗力”只能译成forcemajeure,而不能译成irresistibleforce；“放弃权利”只能译成waiverofright或waivertheright,而不能译成quitrights等.

　　三、搭配不当：

　　无论写论文或翻译,都离不开选词用字,一个词用的准确与否关键是看与其他搭配的是否得当.词与词的搭配在语义上应相互配合,合乎逻辑事理的说话习惯同时也要符合语法规定.

　　四、歧义：

　　歧义是对某一句子某一词组或某一个词的意义存在两个（或更多的）解释.例如：

Decisiverightisgiventothemarriedmanandwoman.此句中形容词married是只修饰women还是修饰women和men两个名词?由于形容词所修饰的成分不明而造成了歧义.再比如：“原告人基于下述理由起诉被告人要求损害赔偿.”句子的结构纠缠不清,意思含糊,可能有两种理解,即“原告人要求损害赔偿”或“被告人要求损害赔偿”.要解决这一问题,根据原文句意,可在被告人后加一逗号,译成“原告人基于下述理由起诉被告人,要求损害赔偿.”因此,在实际论文翻译中,一定要重视法律语言这一特性,尽力避免歧义的出现。

　　法律论文翻译.

　　由此可见，在法律论文翻译中是有很多需要注意的地方。如何克服这些问题就是优秀的翻译人员需要处理的了。为了能将法律论文翻译的更好，译员翻译用语应该特别清晰、并且有最大精确度和准确度。每个段落都需要有逻辑的阐述、提法简洁、明确了解使用的概念。

　　北京阳光创译公司在广泛涉猎法律论文翻译及翻译理论著作及相关论文的基础上，对法律论文翻译的精确性及其翻译品质进行探索，力求总结和归纳法律论文翻译的特点和技巧。除此之外,旗下译员需要博览群书,不断拓宽自己的知识面,丰富人生阅历。并对法律法典有相当程度的认识，做到灵活运用，恰如其分地翻译。

　　As a norm of speech and behavior, law is a standard approved by the government or other rights institutions. Legal language refers to a style used by ordinary countries in legislation, judicature and law enforcement, and legal language is broad, complex and rigorous. As a high-end service in the translation industry, legal translation mainly serves lawyers, foreign enterprises, import and export companies and other social groups, which have high quality requirements and technical difficulties. As one of the main contents of forensic linguistics, legal translation has its unique linguistic features, and the most important feature is its accuracy. So far, almost all scholars engaged in legal language studies believe that accuracy is the soul of legal translation and the basic style of law. This paper talks about the translation of legal papers from the perspective of legal translation.

　　This article is divided into two parts. The first part is the analysis of the common problems in the translation of legal papers. The second part is the analysis of the characteristics of the sentences in the legal thesis and how to achieve the accuracy of translation.

　　1. Leaking and increasing translation:

　　Because most of the legal translation uses long sentences, the structure is complex and brings many difficulties to the translator. Therefore, the common problems are missing or adding some components. In view of the characteristics of the sentence in the legal thesis, it is particularly important to consult the relevant information.

　　Two. Improper translation of legal terms:

　　There are a large number of professional terminology in legal translation. Its translation method is not determined by the individual's personal preferences. A fixed expression must be adopted. Random translation does not conform to the linguistic features of legal translation, and it may cause misunderstandings and lead to disputes with customers. For example, "force majeure" can only be translated into ForceMajeure, but can not be translated into irresistibleforce; "waiver" can only be translated into waiverofright or waivertheright, not quitrights, etc.

　　Three. Improper Collocation:

　　Whether a word is written or translated, it can not be separated from a word of choice. The key to the accuracy of a word is to see if it is appropriate to the other collocations. The collocation of words and words should complement each other semantically, and the logical and logical speaking habit also conforms to the grammatical rules.

　　Four. Ambiguity:

　　Ambiguity is the two (or more) interpretation of the meaning of a phrase or a word in a sentence. For example, in Decisiverightisgiventothemarriedmanandwoman., is the adjective married only modifying the women or modifying the two nouns of the women and men? "The plaintiff prosecuted the defendant for damages on the basis of the following reasons." the structure of the sentence is entangled and ambiguous. There may be two understandings, that is, "the plaintiff requires compensation for damages" or "the defendant's claim for damages". For the following reasons, the defendant should be prosecuted for damages. "Therefore, in the translation of the actual paper, we must pay attention to the characteristics of the legal language and try to avoid the appearance of ambiguity.

　　Legal thesis translation.Png

　　It can be seen that there are many points to be noticed in the translation of legal papers. How to overcome these problems is what good translators need to deal with. In order to translate the legal papers better, the interpreter's translation terms should be clear, and have the maximum accuracy and accuracy. Each paragraph needs logical explanation, formulation, concise and clear understanding of the concept of use.

　　based on the extensive involvement of the theoretical works of translation and translation of legal papers and related papers, explores the accuracy of the translation of legal papers and their translation qualities, and tries to sum up and summarize the characteristics and techniques of the translation of legal papers. In addition, the interpreter's need to be learned in books, expand their knowledge and enrich the experience of life. We also have a considerable understanding of the code of law, so that we can use it flexibly and translate appropriately.

北京阳光创语言翻译公司，从业10多年，始终恪守“质量，高效，服务”的原则为上万家企业和个人提供优质的翻译服务。

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